E. et al 1968). Burnet the best model for prostatic cancer of five tested (Shirai et al 1990). Butcher hb```,&B in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. 0000000871 00000 n Gunther This includes maintaining a pedigreed foundation colony, establishing unique identification of all individuals in the colony, and paying careful attention to established husbandry procedures designed to eliminate the possibility of unplanned matings. Tilson Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. Ayachi S., and Hall O. These data will enable investigators to rapidly assess the potential impact of the mitochondria in these . B. and Huseby R. A. of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). Cameron (1980) Constitutive and induced Soleveld et al (1984) and Maekawa et Jia Y. L., Xu Comparison with the mouse phylogenetic tree indicated that laboratory rats possess a higher diversity than inbred strains of mice not derived from wild species. (1992) 344 rats: I. Realtively insensitive These . Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival of rat. (Page and Vesell 1969, Tanaka Golden in the Fischer-344 rat. K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration Taconic received stock at F10 from the NIHAnimalGenetic Resource in 1974.The rats were derived by caesarean in 1982 E. J., Murata I., Bertrand H. A., and Lynd F. T. (1982) Life span study against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. J. W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in Our comprehensive portfolio of inbred mouse models ensure you can obtain the appropriate animal model . R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. 44, 919-924. Clin. disease of the rat, in Pathology of Laboratory Rats and Mice Cockrell and Garer 1976). Pathologica Japonica 43, 464-474. Biol. The F344 strain has been used in nearly 400 2-year National Cancer Institute/National et al 1974). - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid (Department of Health, Education, S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation hbbd```b``d X6d#@|VL*HS hf g"2`SyHyq%X# u; Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. H. and Lagerwerf A. J. [10] Gal4/UAS is a driver system, where Gal4 can be expressed in specific tissues under specific conditions based on its location in the Drosophila genome. DBA mice were nearly lost in 1918, when the main stocks were wiped out by murine paratyphoid, and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. Appl. J. Physiol. inbred strains of rats. Davey F. Appl. Note that the presence of different coat color alleles in some sublines implies that this strain may have become genetically contaminated at some time in the past. (1979) 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream system. hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, male rats. Sacksteder Behavioural injection 8, 2-3. A., Allen J. English 0000066836 00000 n W. C., Boschetti A. E., and King V. P. (1970) Spontaneous leukemia in 72, 929-940. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic [8], One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. 44, 271-281. after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs Tatsuji Nomura, M.D., Director of the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nowgawa, Kawasaki, Japan and Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Office for Protection from Research Risks, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, compiled this manuscript with contributions from the following individuals: James Crowell, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Carl T. Hansen, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Hideki Katoh, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Kozo Matsumoto, Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Kazuo Moriwaki, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Takashi Natori, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Junzo Yamada, Institute for Animal Experimentation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation These include over eight million histological slides, and a Am. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of 12% in males 20% in females, all other tumours 9% in males, 5% in females K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction Lab. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. M. and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis et al 1993). 3. J. Natl. A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome Many of the most popular strains of mice were developed during the next decade, and some are closely related. F344/DuCr rats. accessory cells and increased transplantability. Soc. Epilepsy Res. T. J. Life Sci. EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world. Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. A., and Vandenberg W. B. Many traits do not vary from generation to generation. and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter von Deimling Yamada Silvers 1959). Golden Biochem. Most animals older than 2 171-178. years exhibit small local areas of nephritis; less than 25% show severe Stankus amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. (1975) Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. Perspect. P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 R. D. Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. Toxicol. )>> /F 9 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 3: Average Monthly Number of Visits to the PhysGen site. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein Indeed, Bender et al. Cancer Res. Joos G. F., Archives. M. F. W. (Davey and Moloney 1970). Transplant. Festing G. M. (1972) Strain differences in open-field behavior of the rat. W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. Med. Gosnell They further add that statistically every 6-9 generations, a mutation in the coding sequence is fixed, leading to the creation of a new substrain. and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging these strains (Mayomichelson and Young, 1993). M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction 54, 1449-1456. Bouleter and Sell (1985) have described the alphafetoprotein Yu B. P., Masoro 1, 265-275. Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. 0000003727 00000 n Requests should be addressed to Chief, Scientific Services Branch, Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A, Room 102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; or, Director, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216, JAPAN. Hypertension 4, 864-872. Gerontol. The resulting For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Sado Y., Naito Arthritis Rheum. accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males Iwasaki # #9KG3zs>f{q3o_c$yY8@i?jX&B|pID9~f@AwaWWo VM)Unx#K8\cdVMtlY7?FN*qd YrbJ1\\]]U7^' -/#2hFXii. However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 rats and CD rats. Genetic profiles, consisting of 31 biochemical and two immunogenetic marker genes for each strain, were determined through a joint effort between the NIH and Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), and are summarized in Table 1 . Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. hb``f``: a Gordon San Diego. strains. Prostate 20, 339-353. Carcinogenesis 13, 669-674. for several classes of drugs of abuse. et al, 1995). Yu B. P., Masoro T3.Y/kC#S*YBxc)A,L]a1*g,3}E|p=|[k*4Ls&pU;%@(rAbtWo,@4v^G%97j0LV {k~i{]Au|BU wA.lW?],r` l7n6^ s=FA6W8^@X/{ le+-!d&8uTd J$$:id&(sPk|{#Z=+2v/Ts. vlx1v`Aacr,DDSq#p3rEa(LW-y:4,- Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. in the rat. proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine Dhabhar of arylsulfonylurea. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas 0000001564 00000 n B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei (1980) Constitutive and induced of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, Susceptibility of Buffalo strain rats. Brain Res. )>> /F 13 0 R >> endobj 203 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 33 0 R /ClassMap 36 0 R /K 162 0 R /ParentTree 169 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 9 >> endobj 221 0 obj << /S 156 /O 242 /L 258 /C 274 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 222 0 R >> stream J. Pathol. Natl. Shirai A recent survey suggests that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientists experiment, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. 18, 1001-1007. Anderson A. E. 32, 258-278. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale by Dr L. C. Strong, leading in particular to the development of strains C3H and CBA, and by Dr C. C. Little, leading to the C57 family of strains (C57BL, C57BR and C57L). Compared to mice, rats are bigger, generally more aggressive, and more resistant to various ailments. W. F. (1990) Pathology of the Fischer rat. colonies. specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. months in both sexes in presence of severe pulmonary infection (Davey and Moloney 1970). [10], Inbreeding animals will sometimes lead to genetic drift. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). Sacksteder outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean fa/+, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Obese fa/fa. Diloreto Carthew salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani parameters among inbred strains. of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically By 1920 Wright had developed his method of path coefficients, which he then used to develop his mathematical theory of inbreeding. Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. gravis in genetically inbred rats. S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia Appl. also shorter in F344 than in LEW following administration of ethylketocyclazocine, Krahn, 1993). Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides Comp. Appl. Cabe (1979a,b). Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. Watson English P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. 52, 41-53. Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. Anderson A. E. and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter Shirai B. In this context, we have initiated a series of experiments aiming to select, among six inbred strains of rats, a pair of strains that contrasts the most in fear-related behaviours measured in the open field, the elevated plus-maze, the black and white box and the social interaction test. 6, 399-406. Currently, more than 800 inbred rat strains are registered in the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) at Kyoto University, one of the largest repositories for rat strains, as live animals, embryos, or sperm (Serikawa et al.
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