Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Einhorn, C. (2011, September 28). As this brief discussion indicates, although the massacre of 347 Vietnamese at the hamlet of My Lai is undoubtedly the Vietnam massacre that is best known (and perhaps the only known) to the American public, massacres were far from rare and in fact were rather common. When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. Experts disagree over this issue. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. The following are common examples of a social issue. Introduction. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. Natural Science and Social Problems 117 government does not want it. In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. Dao, J. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. (2012). Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. Bumiller, E. (2010, July 25). More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). They are countries that are using children as soldiers to dragging them and preventing them from going to school. You can order essays, annotated bibliography, discussion, research papers, reaction paper, article critique, coursework, projects, case . Through research, discussion and debate, the social and behavioral science communities confront important societal issues everyday. New York, NY: Penguin. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Author: jstor.org; Published: 01/26/2022; Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. Also, war between socialist states was not unthinkable, as the doctrine indicated: only the colossal preponderance of Soviet forces prevented a full-scale war in 1956 against Hungary and in 1968 against Czechoslovakia; war between the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China was a serious possibility for two decades after the Sino-Soviet Why nations go to war: A sociology of military conflict. Tirman, J. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. Shusman, B. Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. Slate. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Social science topics for research papers. The British Council found in a 2015 study that a majority of professional leaders were graduates of fields in the humanities and social sciences. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. Wells, T. (1994). (2011, June 17). ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. It . Some major problems (other than the listed ones) in social science research (ssr) are: (1) evolving a sound methodology for collection of field data (2) interpretations of field data in relation . (2011). (2012, February 8). Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. This diversion of funds is unfortunate, but it might still be necessary if the high level of US military spending is needed to ensure the nations security. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). When we think of the impact of war, the consequences for civilians and veterans as just discussed come most readily to mind. (2011). World War II had a direct influence on the social justice movements after the war and even today. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. What it means to be a democrat. Why do various groups produce more terrorists than others. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. occasionally drawing knowledge from natural sciences, math and other studies. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. Some verses follow. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. Schools and Inequality As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. Women in politics. This Special Issue will examine the diverse nature of gang-related violence with the goal of better understanding the growing complexities of gang violence over the last two decades to better inform public policy solutions. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Leitenberg, M. (2006). Quality and affordable writing services. (2012). Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. Given the dynamic nature of gang-related violence today, we aim to include empirical and theoretical research . Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. (2012, January 8). This includes social, environmental, economic and ethical issues created by the high rate of change to technology, societies, ecosystems, cultures, lifestyles and thinking that have characterized this period of world history. Choose one of the five social institutions. Identify two social science issues related to war. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. As large as it is, the $768 billion just cited as the official figure for the US military budget is misleading in at least two ways. Social studies represent integrated and systematic study of several areas of social science/ humanities, among which economics, civics, history, geography, culture, sociology, political science, archaeology, law, philosophy, religion, etc. Additional Topics The social sciences easily lend themselves to practical applicability in war, and as HTS expert Christopher Sims writes: "Where conflict has most explicitly impacted and is impacted by society, the call to the social sciences becomes loudest." The connection between society and war is intimate and enduring, and therefore the call should not cease. This collection was written over a span of forty-four years and is presented in the belief that sociology is a science. 119 words. (2011). Collier, E. C. (1993). What happened to a leaner, meaner military. New York Times, p. B4. R. Radcliffe-Brown would claim that he was moved to initiate his studies of simpler peoples on the advice of the celebrated Russian . War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Feb. 24, 2023 A team of researchers has highlighted human-wildlife conflict as one of the globe's most pressing human development and conservation dilemmas. This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). The term society refers to the system of interdependent relationships among human beings. Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. Some of the social science issues related to war are as follows; the effects of war on the family and the society. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Drugs may have a significant effect on people's health and emotional issues because of addiction and changes they may have on an individual's behavior in society. Castelli, C. J. Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. That is the good news and the cause for hope. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. New York Times, p. WK3. (1999). Racial and religious discrimination are the two significant social issues in America, Africa, and the world. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. The cause for despair is twofold. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. 1). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Among those severely. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Nuclear weapons overview. citing the Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, [full citation needed] defines the science wars as the discussions about the "way the sciences are related to or incarnated in culture, history . As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. New research looked at 133 countries. A kid walked up to me and said, Your dads a baby killer. I didnt handle that well. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Chapter 1 / Exercise 3 Social Justice Issues After Ww2; Social Justice Issues After Ww2. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent.
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