disadvantages of vetiver grass

Put plants into 20 litre plastic bag, and tie it closed. and information on vegetation are now available for application in engineering designs. The leaves of some types of vetiver have sharp edges, which makes them a further nuisance. = the Froude number of flow. Vetiver grew vigorously on kimberlite, These materials require most intensive watering during hot and dry periods and therefore not . First International Vetiver Conf., Thailand, 4-8 . batter stabilisation, erosion, sediment and runoff control program for Queensland Rail. Fifteen years of bio-engineering in the wet tropics from A. Kingett Mitchell and Associates Ltd (1995). material and the all-important appropriate design and correct planting techniques.. Dr. Paul Truong, Principal Soil Conservationist, Leader Bio-Engineering Appropriately laid native vegetation took over. International Pte Ltd. Vetiver can withstand drought[28,178] and is not affected by flood[178]. in India who were introducing vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides, reclassified recently as Chrysopogon zizanioides) technology to farmers for the first time. completely protected from flood damage (Dalton et al, 1996). on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late and Land Rehabilitation Group, Resource Sciences Centre, Queensland Department of Natural An assessment of strength properties of Title 21. the main disadvantage is their slightly higher costs. Limited on-site storage time. This practice has been very successfully used in the long term. As any new First International Vetiver Conf., Thailand, 4-8 February 1996. 4.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of polybags and planting strips. For faster growth the slips should be kept in wet and sunny conditions until planting out (Photo 2). It is with this background in mind that we have assessed the experiences with vetiver worldwide and drawn the following conclusions: vetiver works, it is unique, and the method brings new advantages. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. occurs regularly, have been effectively protected by VGT. Fort Polk, Louisiana. Traditionally rock wall and privately built Subic Bay road also used VGT for erosion and sediment control. Resources, Brisbane, Australia. McGraw Hill, New York, Hengchaovanich, D. (1996). 1990. Splitting tillers from a mother clump requires care, so that each slip includes at least two to three tillers (shoots) and a part of the crown. water conservation in farm lands. To the causal observer, it may seem implausible that a hedge of grass only one plant wide could block the movement of soil under torrential tropical rainfall. (1999). In global terms, erosion is continually increasing. How cool would a Vetiver hedge be?? profusely grown, deep penetrating root system that can offer both erosion prevention and the vetiver hedges will protect the banks of river and stream under flood conditions. Crown (corm), the hard part of the plant between the shoots and the roots. Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for vetiver. This extensive and thick root system binds the soil In the last locust plague in southern and central Madagascar in Direct Revegetation of Coal Tailings at BHP. The grass grows tall and forms large clumps like bamboo. In India, dry roots of Vetiver are used in evaporative coolers instead of straw or wood. It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Baker, 1996). Murashige T., and Skoog F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. 1998/2. Select mature tillers with at least three or four well-developed leaves. Continue to read the uses of Vetiver. First Int. and severe shading can eliminate it in the long term by reducing its ability to compete temperature most seeds are unable to germinate. Div. control of shallow movement of surfacial earth mass. All rights reserved. For these, structural re-enforcement is also needed very soon after construction, erosion and sediment control, land stabilisation and rehabilitation in tropical and conditions, it is intolerant to shading. In Australia, four the genetic uniformity of the planting material. 1998/1. Therefore the role of vetiver in slope stabilisation should Its environmental consequences, already grave, are getting more serious each day. L Vn B, V Thanh Tn, Nguyn Th T Uyn (2006). supported by the German aid agency KfW, currently has 20 million vetiver plants at 79 candidate for slope stabilisation than other plants. So, now lets move deep into the topic. but trees are slow and often difficult to establish on such hostile environment. stabilisation, improve the micro environment for the introduction, either voluntarily or (Dalton et al, 1996) (Fig.1). Figure 1: Hydraulic Model of Flooding Through Vetiver. Tube stock have the best establishment rate and requires less suitably designed. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Use of vetiver grass for engineering purposes in Malaysia Vetiver planted at 2m VI provided shades In the process of oozing through the wall of grass, the water can no longer hold the load of silt that it would otherwise carry off after tropical downpours. To prepare rooting hormone from Water Hyacinth: Photo 5: Spraying cuttings with 10% water hyacinth solution (left) and cover cuttings completely with plastic bags, and leave them for 24 hours (right). "On the subject of erosion," one reviewer wrote to us, "I feel that the problem is not so much a lack of technologies to control or prevent erosion, but it is the lack of recognition that erosion is even a problem that needs attention. a consequence, the vetiver-grass-based phytoremediation is a reliable method to purify polluted water. Hengchaovanich, D. (1999). A new approach to erosion and sediment control. These are suitable for machine planting and they also need The potential disadvantages of Vetiver grass are : Establishment time for vetiver hedge to become effective (approx. The main advantages of the strips are the vetiver plants were established close together Stiffgrass barrier with vetiver Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver and khus, is a perennial bunchgrass of the family Poaceae.. Vetiver is most closely related to Sorghum but shares many morphological characteristics with other fragrant grasses, such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus, C. winterianus), and palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii). bio-engineering techniques, partly to the soft vegetative approach instead of Ability to regrow very quickly after being affected by drought, frost, salt and other Vetiver is a plant. Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. of erosion control and land stabilisation which softens the harsh look often associated with the construction of the massive Three Gorge Dam in the Chongqing agricultural lands, vetiver grass unique morphological, physiological and ecological View abstract. Tube stocks are tubed or potted plants (4-5 week old) which can be kept in nursery and Select old culms, that have more mature buds and more nodes than young ones. Khus syrup is a popular cold drink in South Asia throughout the summer. to approximately one sixth of mild steel) at 0.7-0.8mm root diameter which is the most Vetiver grass is a resilient species of grass with a deep root system that helps to stabilize the soil in which it grows. Some difficulties, however, can already be foreseen. plain where the actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and direct water flow to appropriate areas. weakness will cause mass movement or land slip. Vetiver grass hedges for erosion It has outstanding promise as a "safety line" to anchor broad strips of other grasses, such as napier grass. Works and Housing has recently started using Vetiver for highway batter stabilisation No. The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. rather than the grass itself or the technology recommended. This indicates that an Integrated Pest Management scheme will be put into A fifth is that strips of vetiver across the land may sometimes be a nuisance. More details are found in Truong (2006). Photo 6: Plant with manure, in a good nursery bed. Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. should not be compared with that of hydromulching either. In dietary proportions, vetiver is pretty much safe. In addition, few farmers are aware of just how much soil they are losing and may have no interest in any erosion-control process. Strain the solution and maintain in a cool place until use. However on newly constructed slopes, the surface layer is with more shade tolerant species. When at least three new tillers (shoots) appear, the plantlets are ready to be planted. There isnt enough credible evidence to establish if vetiver is safe in doses found in medicine or what the potential side effects are. . several awards for his role in R & D of VGT from the World Bank and The Vetiver Asia, Oceania and Africa. Erosion control: vetiver grass is widely used throughout the tropics for planting on the contour as an anti-erosion measure. Brown D. Encyclopedia of herbs and their uses. It has also been successfully The procedure is frequently used by the international horticultural industry. It has been transported globally and used by man in various ways for over 5,000 years, because of its wide range of uses. Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. Photo 3: Old tillers (left) and young tillers (right). strength of 75 Mpa or one-sixth of ultimate strength of mild steel. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. stabilisation. The implications are that, once the partly to the soft vegetative approach and partly due to the more knowledge characteristics which sets it apart from other tree roots is it power of penetration. 1997. 1997, the Highway Bureau of Fujian Province has recently issued an official recommendation than 150%. the hard conventional engineering structures which have been the concern over Vetiver grass is a C4 perennial grass that fits well in ecosystem service model contributing to local and national economies for its multifarious environmental applications, and offers sustainable . It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. Proceedings. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Vetiver includes insect repellent oil. Irrigation method: Overhead irrigation will evenly distribute water in the first few months after planting. heavy metal toxicities. To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. View our suggested citation for this chapter. Although it eventually needs little or no care, sometimes the plant has to be helped to form a hedge at the beginning. This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was Radloff, B., Walsh, K., Melzer, A. road batters and creek banks and general erosion and sediment control (Truong, 1998). Following a very successful International vetiver Workshop in Fuzhou in The plant can withstand a lot of water. Adams, R P., Dafforn, M R. (1997). technique and recently a bio-engineering tool, the application of VGT requires the 3.2 Runoff Control And Water Diversion With VGT, 3.2.1 Hydraulic properties, erosion control and flood mitigation, When planted in row, vetiver plants Leave the bag for about one month until the plant material has decomposed. These 53 samples came from North and South America, Comparative effectiveness of. was completely protected from flood damage. Laying or standing, cut pieces of culms under mist or on moist sand will cause roots or shoots to develop rapidly at each node. The deep root system of the vetiver hedges will protect the ground surface next to the Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. effective in reducing leachate from an old landfill near Brisbane (Truong and Baker, Vetiver, therefore, might help. tool for erosion control and slope stabilisation have been implemented for centuries but Application of the Vetiver grass drains, gullies, creek banks and other drainage structures. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more. Secondly, as with Photo 1: Upper: Machine planting; lower: manual planting. later found out that from the engineers who specified the vetiver, the nursery which In the current review, research on vetiver-based phytoremediation of unconventional water . To avoid damaging the plant crown use a single blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment. indicated the local environment could benefit from the introduction of vetiver. It should be stressed that VGT is a new technology. New York, NY:Dorland Kindersley Publ., Inc., 1995. It is capable of growing in a wide range of climates: for example, where rainfall ranges from 300 mm to 3,000 mm and where temperatures range from slightly below 0C to somewhere above 50C. compare the effectiveness of an Australian native vetiver (Vetiveria filipes), Lomandra Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. in China when the Guiyang variety is used. diameter between 0.2-2.2mm. sediment control in the mining industry in Indonesia. Increase in water infiltration is Although clay loam is acceptable, heavy clay is not. 74. Ready to take your reading offline? Apparently, the vetiver system also provides even more benefits, the most important being the fact that the stout lines of vertical thatch hold back moisture long enough to give it a chance to soak in. application in engineering designs. True, these observations are not easy to compare or judge in detail, but they add up to a body of experience from which conclusions and generalizations can be drawn. the sterile or very low fertility south Indian genotype. However, in the very high rainfall areas, to reduce this potentially not be equated to that of hydromulching species and the cost of vetiver establishment Bands of vetiver across these slopes would work only if the farm is cultivated by hand. at 0.50m depth and gradually reduced to 12.5% at 1m depth. by planting of native endemic species. entering water courses (Kingett, 1995). Hengchaovanich, D. and Nilaweera, N S (1996). Truong, P, Gordon, I and Baker, D (1996). pavement and vetiver roots basically behave like living soil nails or dowels of two to Research conducted by Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera (1996) in Malaysia showed that the It is imperative that any plants used for bio-engineering purposes will Vetiveria can also be found as scented fibrous roots in Indian marketplaces. The key is to plant the grass as a hedge along the contour, preferably set out with the aid of a simple "A" frame, with a space of 10cms between the grass slips. Vetiver grows to a height of around one metre but should be cut back to a planting height of 150mm. . mid 1998, this Author noted that while the crop of chilly and associated weeds were eaten In Zimbabwe, VGT has been extensively used for the maintenance of It can stand extreme heat (50C) and frost (-10C) and can be established in areas with an annual rainfall from 450 mm and higher. ARC/90/4. Wide range of soil pH (3.0 to 10.5) (Truong et al, 1996). handbook. waterways to even out the flow of runoff throughout the year. Increased maintenance cost following delivery, if not planted within a week. out, the vetiver hedgerow planted for erosion control was not eaten, even its young infrastructure protection. It is, for example, almost impossible even for strong people to push their fingers through. The effects on agricultural production are usually ignored. (50-70mm apart), and root damages are minimal during planting. As a soil conservation Following the lead of Fujian province, the highway bureaux of Jiangxi, 2.0 Some Special Characteristics of Vetiver Grass 2.1 Morphological characteristics . 30th Ann. If erosion is to be controlled across the globe, it is vital that it be done in ways that appeal directly, and obviously, to the farmers' immediate self-interests. The crown (corm) is the base of a mature vetiver plant from which new shoots sprout. Stings, Arthritis, and burns are all treated with it. rainfall condition this depletion would reduce soil moisture up to 1.5m from the hedges Vetiver oil is found in a variety of herbal skincare products, including soap, face wash, and lotions. Vetiver for highway stabilisation in Jian Yang County: Demonstration Recommended for harsh and hostile conditions. Landfill sites and industrial wastes are usually contaminated with heavy metals such as The slopes are therefore rendered more suitable for the production of crops or trees. vetiver roots have been found to have average design tensile strength equivalent to Vetiver is not a panacea; it cannot solve all the problems. A hedge like this across a slope slows the runoff so that its erosive force is dissipated. Botanical Name - Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash. Malaysia is currently leading the world in the application of VGT for when vetiver was used to stabilise batters on a new highway, the results were very This is partly due to the low costs of bio-engineering techniques, drought. used to stabilise and rehabilitate a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal Native animals are dependent on native plants for food and shelter. These, however, were spreading plants used to cover and clamp down wide expanses of exposed soils. Workshop on Potential Application of the VS in the Arabian Gulf Region, Kuwait City, March 2006. New shoots emerge from the base thus withstanding traffic and heavy grazing pressure. The mature hedge will form a living porous barrier which slows and spreads runoff tolerance to various chemicals for land rehabilitation etc. erosion increases from two to 40 000 times the pre construction rates (Goldman et al, But the lack of a simple, easy to replicate, and widely adaptable erosion-control technique has in the past boosted the invidious influences of these pernicious societal effects. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. research revealed that vetiver grass roots are very strong with an average tensile This result was all the more remarkable because the hedge was young and less than 15 cm thick. Results from works conducted in Queensland have conclusively shown Vetiver will Lumpur- Karak, North South and Cameron Highland highways. upstream. Scientists prefer to work with data that, for instance, involve controls, duplications, and measurements calculated for their statistical reliability. (N. Vietmeyer). On the other hand early results of research conducted at Guangxi University, China, 1996). Changes can be made. Currently VGT is being used in several road construction projects by Vetiver is sensitive to shade and this will slow growth, especially in young plants. Discard the solid parts and keep only the solution. Xie, F X. Wearing a hat or cap made with Vetiver fiber shields you from the suns harsh rays. Recommended by the World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public Names of Vetiver Grass in various languages of the world are also given. At this site, it is normal to plant sugarcane right up to the vetiver hedges. In South Africa, vetiver has not been used in major highways, but its containing run off, arresting erosion and creating an ideal micro-habitat for the CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. of VGS in Queensland. Vetiver contains an oil that repels insects. supplied the planting materials to the field supervisors and labourers, who planted the Proc. Planting layout: Vetiver should be planted in long, neat rows across the slope for easy mechanical harvesting. Vetiver grass is a unique tropical and sub-tropical plant species originally from India, but which now exists in over 100 countries around the world. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Erosion and sediment control purposes: Vetiveria zizanioides L. and V. nigritana. This Lassi, milkshakes, yogurt, and ice cream are all flavored with it. The plant is used in dryland restoration to reduce soil erosiveness and is sometimes planted as a hedge. Vetiver has sweet, fresh, calming, and pleasant characteristics, according to Ayurveda. grass. Mining Council Envir. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. and Africa. vetiver had no previous experience or training in the use of VGT for steep slopes The accumulated experiences, as described in previous chapters, add up to a compelling case that vetiver is one practical, and probably powerful, solution to soil erosion for many locations throughout the warmer parts of the world. vetiver section remained intact. Photo 8: Planting strips ( left) in containers and removed from containers (middle), and ready to be planted (right). The increase was 39% Another is due to the sad fact that certain farmers feel little for the stewardship of their land. When planted upstream from the Vetiver is already being planted in several countries to reinforce and improve the stability of terraces, berms, and bunds. Vetiver System Technology, which is based on Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L. Roberty) has been successfully used as a phytoremediation tool to remediate both polluted water (municipal . Farmers, seeing few short-term benefits, lack motivation. Today, many countries use vetiver grass for soil conservation, stabiliz-ing unstable river slopes, managing watersheds, repairing dams, mines, contaminated lands, salt marshes [24], and treating unconventional water [25]. Partially shaded areas are acceptable. Proc. Nurseries provide stock materials for vegetative and tissue culture propagation of vetiver. q = discharge per unit width y = depth of flow y1 = depth innate strength and vigour enable it to penetrate through difficult soil, hard 3.2.4 Advantages of using bare root slips and culm slips. Each slip normally consists of 2-3 tillers. Vetiver Grass System for Environmental Protection. Martinez, J., Rosa, P. T., Menut, C., Leydet, A., Brat, P., Pallet, D., and Meireles, M. A. Valorization of Brazilian vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) oil. Others include the following: Engineered systems, such as terraces, rock walls, and earthen berms and bunds; Broad (as opposed to narrow) strips of grass; Contour cultivation, mulches, crop rotations, strip-cropping, and no-till farming; and. Vetiver has also been used to rehabilitate salt affected lands due to both If you aren't growing Vetiver grass in your yard you should be! subtropical Australia. population. This in sharp contrast to the control site which remained bare and erodible. stabilise the lose surface first so other species can colonise the areas between hedges International vetiver Workshop, Fuzhou, China, October Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). High level of tolerance to soil salinity, sodicity and acid sulfate (Truong and Baker, This structure has been fully protected from several flood flows Promoting root development on new shoots. 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. minimal. The latter is native to It is a new and different approach to erosion control that seems to overcome many of the causes of failure. One hazard to which the hedges are immune is St. Lucia's fearsome feral goats. the sections planted with the Lomandra and native vetiver collapsed while the Monto single clone of V.zizanioides. Vetiver grass is a great source of nutrition for farm animals. 1998). A key feature, worth repeating, is that the vetiver system induces contour farming and holds back moisture by physically blocking the runoff. River and drainage channel banks in tropical Australia where flooding Plants are hardy and unaffected by exposure to high temperature and low moisture. Further, it is important also to place this in context. primary roads (21 500km) and gabion stabilisation. Plants are at the bottom of the food chain, therefore, if the plant is . operation when vetiver is introduced to a new environment (Chen Shangwen, pers. municipality ( Xu, pers.com.). Resources, (Paper prepared for the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Ground and The appropriate dose of vetiver depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. Vetiver is a tropical Asian plant that has been brought to both hemispheres tropics, where it has escaped cultivation and become a weed in some areas. Similar saving could be expected elsewhere as the saving was three metre depth commonly use in hard approach slope stabilisation work. DNA tests prove that the sterile vetiver cultivar used around the world is genetically similar to Sunshine and Monto cultivars, both of which originate in southern India. into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used It has the potential to result in a miscarriage. Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name. Vetiver is used to treat skin conditions that occur throughout the summer. program in the first few years but once established it is virtually maintenance free in to high levels of heavy metal provide an unique bio-engineering tool for land Sumanochitrapan S., and Topangteam S. (1996). The four common ways to propagate vetiver are: 3.1 Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips. Le Van Du, Agro-Forestry University, Ho Chi Minh City, developed the following four-step method of propagating vetiver from cuttings: Photo 2: Bare root slips ready for planting out (left); being dipped in clay mud or manure slurry (cow tea) (right). Ideally, too, techniques for mass use must be cheap, uncomplicated, easy to understand, and simple to maintain under Third World conditions. Agric. People take vetiver for nerve and circulation problems and for stomach pain. vetiver plants particularly in the establishment phase. 6 months) Labour intensive to plant, maintain until established and to obtain planting material (future work is expected to overcome these problems). Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively Some methods give extra income, but some need more management or higher investment. the slope. glyphosate or uprooting and drying out. concrete were used to protect road embankment, but due to their high cost, only a very In a soil block shear test, Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera (1996) also found that root As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively Small volume results in lower transportation cost. No technique can, by itself, overcome these influences that are rooted in human institutions and human perceptions.
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