This was the name ascribed to the Ga-speaking tribes due to their prowess and bravery in warfare, and the Portuguese due to their difficulty in pronunciation later on corrupted it to Akra. The Akan political arrangements appear to have had serious influence on the Ga peoples too. The Kwa people of Africa include the Ga-Dagbe, Ewe, Akwapim, Fanti, Kwahu, and Akim and Ashanti. The descendants of the Gonja people were traders and the first residents of Ghana. before moving on to their present home in Ghana. The Asr group of people comprises of five different clans which relocated to the coastal settlements of Little Akra (Ga Mashie) after the destruction of Great Akra (Ayawaso) by the Akwamus in the early Sixteen Century. Biblical history suggests that Jacob, whom God named YISRAEL had Leah as his wife who gave birth to four sons for him. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Nana Osei Tutu was also assisted by the Anumfuo (later Adumfuo) [Abrafuo] who accompanied him from Akwamu, in execution cases. The following forts: Crevecoeur (the Present Ussher fort), James Fort and Christiansborg, belonging to the Dutch, English and Danes, had been respectively, built. 2, (Lon), 1968. The migration route of Ga-Adangbe saw them across Ethiopia and then down to Nigeria. According to the post, some people begin their celebration on Good Friday. They further indicated that the coastal towns established by the wandering Ga tribes from west to east are Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshie, Nungua, Tema and Kpong. Wulm (Chief Priest) among the Gas; Gbii kpaanyo anina w,an extract from from Hmw greetings King AYI KUSHI, spelled Cush in Hebrew, Genesis 10: 6 Jeremiah 13:23, Isaiah 18:12) led the Ga-Dangmes from Cush in Jerusalem to Ayawaso and was the founder of the GA DYNASTY. Ga includes Ga-Mashie and Ga speakers, who migrated from Akwapim, Anecho in Togo, Akwamu, and the surrounding areas. Where do the Ga-Adangbe come from? They were originally called Kush. The Ashanti Tribe. Asante Fordjour ABSTRACT From the mystical Akan historical accounts of the Ga peoples; and not until I had the privilege of reading from Professor Irene Odotei (External Influence on Ga Society and Culture), all that I knew about Nkranfuo [the Gamee] was the empirical belief that their ancestors, mysteriously, fled from Ilfe, in the ancient Nigeria, in their columns like soldier-ants along the Gulf of Guinea to their present settlements, in a date which is hard to be traced. suffering of his people at the hands of God almighty. They believe that they did not have any crops left in the past centuries due to the inadequate seasonal rains that made the people experience severe hunger. Then they are made to sit on the sacred stone to check if they are virgins. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He postulates that since there was no existing written record of the Ga language prior to the Eighteenth Century, it would be difficult to know the difference between the forms of the language spoken now and say 2000 years ago. The group stayed there for some years before leaving during 672-525 B.C. I will be exploring their heritage and other tribes later in this blog. From 1680 onwards, it became the practice of the Ga to seek refuge with their kinsmen in this new state whenever they faced difficulties in Accra. Sections of Ga Mashie trace their origins as Far East as the southern part of modern Nigeria, though so far no confirmatory evidence has been established for this. Enjoy reading our stories? These are the Tarbon of Ga Mashie. Its not known how many years it took the Gas to get to Boma, neither do we know how long they stayed here Due to their social mobility, the Dagaaba or Dagarti can be found in almost every part of Ghana and in other West African Countries like Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast. But in the modern days, the clothing is usually worn for almost every occasion, including religious worships, rites of passage, funerals, and weddings. The Adangbe are found to the east, the Ga groups, to the west of the Accra coastlands. celebration of Hmw = Passover which has changed due to a great faming experienced by the Gas along the They also eat and sell fish, maize, and beer. The significance of the celebration is to commemorate Jesus's triumphant entry into Jerusalem. South of Sudan. [7] F. K. Buah, West Africa and Europe, 1967. Before the Ga speakers moved into the Accra plains, there were people living there in scattered farmsteads. The Kusasi also utilize Hausa and Moore languages for trading; however, they have a great affiliation . The dance takes place on the last day of the whole rite process. On that journey, they crossed Ethiopia and moved into Nigeria. In his capacity as linguist of the English, his influence became tremendous, especially in the section of Accra under the English, i.e. According to him, the Ga refers to the Guans as Shits mi (landowners) and on this basis, acknowledged seniority to them for being first to settle in the territory. Ga is the name applied to a particular ethnic group of people living along the shoreline of the Gulf of Guinea. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana New Series, No. They left Egypt and migrated to Ghana via Nigeria and Ethiopia there is much discussion around this on the internet. This assertion has been upheld by Kilson (1971, p.24) in her ethnographic study of the Ga, and had indicated that the shikwbii (aborigines) of the Ga countryside were the Kpshi people, whose dialects have survived only in the Kpele religious songs of worship and festivals. The horn language of the Ga chief is also, with a few exceptions, mostly Akan. This is by far the largest tribe in Ghana numbering about seven million in total and nearly half the population of the entire country. One of the reasons for this is the belief by the Ga people that the dead are powerful and can be benevolent or disastrous, depending on how you treat them in death. They speak the Kwa Ga and Dangm languages. For example, the coffin's shape used to bury a person in this culture could tell of their profession and social status. Field, Religion and Medicine of the Ga People, 1937. Stride and Ifeka (1971, p.203) while corroborating these assertions of Field, further noted that it was at the end of the Fifteenth Century that the social organizations of the Ga towns began to change. Aboma, a suburb in Tshi came from. Generally, people take life at a relaxed pace. Further growth came with the destruction of the original capital, Ayawaso, 2.1 miles (3.4 kilometers) northwest of Accra, by the Akwamu kingdom in 1677. These four quarters make up Ussher Town, the area placed under Dutch jurisdiction in the seventeenth century. The modern Adangbe include the people of Shai . In the words of Professor Odotei, oral traditions collected by various authors indicate that most of the Ga peoples trace their origins to the east of the Accra plains. Many slaves were transported from the castle below. In this way, to quote Bruce-Myers (1927, p.168), the humble fishing villages which the Portuguese saw from their ships in the 1490s developed into the capital of the independent Republic of Ghana. Thus, this community which until the beginning of the twentieth century was limited to the confines of the Ga traditional settlements along the coast; between the Christiansborg Castle, Ussher and James Forts, and the Korle lagoon, has grown in leaps and bounds despite its chequered history. According to him, these indigenes seem to have extended from Asini down to Tema, thence to the Volta. Mindful of similar threats, they built Fort Coenraadsburg on St. Iago Hill, where it keeps watch to this day over St. Georges rear. Their original religion is associated with a spirit called ordzemawon. I searched the name in Google and found they are descendants of the Ga tribe from Accra Ghana. way; long after they left Egypt(S/Ethiopia). GA STATE AND SOCIETY He further posits that while in Nigeria, these groups once again separated, with one part moving west to the land of the ancient Benins, while the rest moved north-west to Ife in the Yoruba land. writing all their history down so they were all oral traditions. Then, they march around the neighbourhood on parade. Around the turn of the twentieth century Accra experienced a series of disasters, including famines, a fire in 1894, an earthquake in 1906, bubonic plague, and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, as well as continuous emigration of skilled laborers. We In view of this, each of these towns were independent from one another; had its own strip of territory which begins from Legon, Okaikoi, Lanma, Adzangote, etc. As the Gas travelled south, they came across many rivers like the Ghazal and Jebe rivers; these rivers were Ga-Adangbe tribe is one of the ethnic groups with vibrant culture. Foremost among these was the need for labor; the Dutch became the slave trades masters. So that is where the name T shi- The largest tribe are the Ashanti, with their traditional capital at Kumasi. The three groups of people that left Egypt were:-. My DNA shows I am 7% Nigerian and 12% Ivory Coast Ghana. killing the sacrificial animals with sharp stones instead of knives, in order not to avoid defiling them, were also used in Akra.. According to Reindorf (1895) the coastal towns established by the Ga-Adangbe speaking emigrants who arrived from Aneho, Benin, Boni and Boma to the Gold Coast in the early sixteenth century, stretches from Lanma (Mt. Unlike other scholars and historians, Amartey tracing the itinerary of the Nubians indicted that this group separated into the Ethiopian and Ga ethnic groups after they had left Egypt, with each group following different direction. The girls found not to be virgins or impregnated by a community member cannot get a man from the tribe. 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The Ga-Dangmes claim to be descendants DAN and GAD, the fifth and seventh sons of Jacob. Quarteys all over the world are descendants of the Royal Family of Kpakpatse We clan of the Asr group of the Ga speaking people, which is one of the seven quarters (Akutsii) that constituted the Ashiedu Ktk District within the Odododiodioo Constituency of the Ga Mashie Community in Accra. Biblical history suggests that Jacob, whom God named YISRAEL had Leah as his wife who gave birth to four sons for him. The growth of Accra was stimulated by the arrival of the Europeans, the first being the Portuguese, who built a small fort there in 1482. What is the culture of the Ga-Adangbe tribe? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The tribe of Ga are descendants of GAD and are the hebrew Israelites. Although both languages are derived from a common proto-Ga-Adangbe ancestral language, modern Ga and Adangbe are mutually unintelligible. They are also used to enforce particular virtues. Then, any man interested in one of the girls can start talking to the girl's family. Asere is by far the largest quarter in terms of population and area. A number of factors, including these shared characteristics, influenced the precolonial period's state creation. Commenting on the above assertions, Field (1937, p.72) intimates that, when the Ga-speaking emigrants arrived in the Gold Coast, neither they nor the aborigines had any military organization and since they were all farmers, the newcomers settled peaceably among them wherever there was a vacant territory. According to historians, the mighty leader, King Ayi Kushi (Cush), who led the Ga-Adangbe tribe during this period, lived between 1483 and 1519. Each town had a stool, which served as the central object of Ga ritual and war magic. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! But then we can find evidence of what was passed the Volta Basin along the shorelines of the coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Bonny Island, not far from Opobo Township; located on the south of Port Harcourt-Nigeria. Among which are Ngleshi (James Town), Kinka (Ussher Town), Osu (Christiansburg), La (Labadi), Teshie, Nungua (Little Ningo), and Tema. Origin of Ga-Adangbe The Ga-Adangbe people came from a city in Egypt called Goshen. After what is believed to have been a very long stay in Boma, the Gas decided once again that it was time to Life on Krobo Mountain Kojo Ababio became so power-drunk that he refused to accept that Sempe had a right to elect a mantse for her own akutsoThe head of Sempe was the Mankralo of the AlataThis so infuriated the representative of the Sempe that at a Commission of Enquiry in 1907, he asked, I am a Ga, did come from Lagos and make me mankralo here? A section of Osu trace their origin to Osudoku in the Adanme area. With this loss some of the Ga with their king fled from Accra and founded another state with its capital Glidzi across the Volta in the modern republic of Togo. He protected him from the Denkyiras and when he was called to take over the Kwaaman stool Nana Ansa Sasraku provided him with 300 Asafomen from Akwamu to guide him to Kwaaman. Coins placed in the coffins of the deceased believing that their spirits will use it in paying for their passage across the River Jordan. [2] D. K. Henderson-Quartey, The Ga of Ghana: History and Culture of a West African People, 2001. Constitutional law of Ghana and its history (FLAW306), Constitutional law of Ghana and its history, Constitutional LAW Notes 1ST & 2ND Semester, Mid-Semester Exam- Equity & Succession II IA, The establishment of an international tribunal, Tuffuor v. Attorney- General [1980] GLR 637667 copy, [consolidated]Public-Procurement-Amendment-Act-2016-ACT663 Re Printed, Defences 7 (Exemptions from criminal liabilty), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Fundamentals of Management Information Systems (EMIS-515), Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A.) HISTORY & TRADITIONS- (Re External Influence on Ga Society and Culture) The English; probably might pride themselves of and indeed feel lazy in learning other European Languages all because of their dominant language in global affairs but they can hardly escape the dilutions of French words such as restaurant and rendezvous, in their vocabularies. Between 1700-1250 BC, the then Egyptian king, King Thuthmos 2 ruled over the Hebrews who were slaves of Elminas storerooms were converted to dungeons as other European powers built lodges and forts on what became known as the Gold Coast and began competing fiercely for their share of the trade from the mid-1600s on. I stored the picture below as my investigations led to Elmina Ghana. In the Book of numbers, the Bible had made extensive references to the children of Israel, which includes Gad and Dan and their children (Numbers 1:1-54). The building that once housed a Portuguese Catholic Church became Elminas slave market, where African dealers brought their captives, many of them victims of tribal wars. Several questions have been asked about the Ga-Adangbe people. Ubangi (found on the north of Congo). These marauding ants known to the Akans as nkrang, and whose aggressive nature were attributed to the powerful wandering Ga emigrant tribes; easily subdued other tribes as well as the Guans who were the aborigines of the land. Have a good day. Each group's divisions are united by a common origin, history, language, and cultural legacy. The migration route of Ga-Adangbe saw them across Ethiopia and then down to Nigeria. [1] Carl C. Reindorf, History of the Gold Coast and Asante 3rd Ed., 2007. This had been shown in Operation[s] Moses (1984) and Solomon (1991), where the Israeli regime airborne their starved cousins from Abyssinia. They later migrated to West Africa and eventually stopped in Ghana, becoming their permanent home. They speak the Ewe language (Ewe: Eegbe) which belongs to the Gbe family of languages. The girls who have transitioned into womanhood are well dressed in beautiful kente clothing and accessories during the last day. The Ga-Adangbe people inhabit the Accra Plains. Throughout the culture and history of the Ga-Dangmes of Ghana, is a very strong conclusive evidence that they are direct descendants of the Hebrew Israelties that migrated to West Africa by way of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Lake Chad, Ile-Ife, Dahome, Togo and to . Komi or Kenkey are their stable food. These Africans were from The slavery Gold Coast and would likely have spoken a number of languages which are still in use today. Through Zilpah, Jacob had Dan and Gad and four more sons. The Ga-speaking peoples were organized into six independent towns (Accra, Osu, Labadi, Teshi, Nungua, and Tema). There are good and bad types of worship and the bad takes the direction of black magic, spirit worship and sacrifices to a number of Gods in my opinion and the opinion of some of the Ghanian community. Their staple foods are rice and yams, mostly when they are in season. This left the British in sole charge of the Ga littoralThe abolition of slave trade in the nineteenth century also opened new opportunities in Accra which included the settlement of the Brazilian freed slaves in Accra. It is believed that one of the These classifications consists of the Kru languages, Western Kwa, made up of Ewe-Fon, Akan-Guan sometimes called Volta-Camoe, Ga-Adangme, Yoruba-Igala, Nupe, Edo, Idoma, Ibio, and Ijo groups. [2] They make up 3.7% of the population of Ghana. Gas are said to have lived predominantly on the southern parts of the River Nile which is present day Ghana is among the West African countries with rich traditions and cultures. But then, although there are different Gbe languages, the common one is the Ewe. Gas are said to have lived predominantl, Between 1700-1250 BC, the then Egyptian king, King Thuthmos 2 ruled over the Hebrews who were, war. Many people would have you believe that all of these people worship deities and animals and spirits which is not the case. The female spirit mediums usually communicate with their voices, unlike in the case of male mediums. At the beginning of every year, these people plant and grow crops to prepare for the Homowo festivals. So why worry if settlers, without offence, decide to communicate in a language they feel comfortable? away as possible from Egypt. On the contrary, Amartey (1991, pp.13-14) narrating from oral traditions or folkloric sources gave a different version of the migration story of the Ga in Gami Ashikwi (Origin of the Ga). Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. One of the most curious aspects of this tribe's culture is their elaborate and colourful celebration of the death of a relative. It does not matter whether the deceased's family is impoverished; they must ensure that their departed is ushered from the physical realm to the ancestor's realm with fanfare. There are several ethnic groups in Ghana with unique traditions. Of those, 10,000 left Elminas shores when the castle was operating at full capacity, according to Ghanas Museums and Monuments Board. Not until recently, I never knew that the Ga town- Pokuase, was founded by a man named [O]poku? They are also taught how to dance Klama dance. The three groups of people that left Egypt were:-, Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Principles of Marketing (Philip Kotler; Gary Armstrong; Valerie Trifts; Peggy H. Cunningham), Mechanics of Materials (Russell C. Hibbeler; S. C. Fan), English (Robert Rueda; Tina Saldivar; Lynne Shapiro; Shane Templeton; Houghton Mifflin Company Staff), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. In his discourse of the establishment of two out of the seven Ga Mashie Akutsii (quarters), Reindorf avers that Ayikai Osiahene with his people settled near James Fort and founded Akangmadshe and Mereku, i.e. These settlements, according to him were bound on the west by the Densu River and stretched eastward from the hills of Weija and Kplagon to the Laloi River in the Shai Plains could boast of some stone buildings with extensive iron works. (UNESCO) Vol. For example, the Otublohum of Ga Mashie originally settled in Accra as representatives of the Akwamu government. There are claims that the chereokee Indians and native Americans also originate from this tribe. (Exodus 12 vs 19); Hmw celebrations on the 2nd Sunday of august. Find out more from the post. There are tribes in Africa, whose Hebraic customs and oral histories identify them as authentic descendants of the nation of Israel. This Ga settlement areas is bounded on the East by the Tshemu lagoon near Tema, on the West by the Sakumofio River, the North by Akuapem Mountains and the South by the Gulf of Guinea. When Leah noticed that she had passed child-bearing age, she gave her maid servant, ZILPAH to wife. Here is how they view different cultural aspects: The Ga people have many cultural beliefs related to Shamanism and Christianity. themselves into two groups; one group travelled west towards mainland Nigeria to a place called Benin, where I am going to research this tribe and continue to update this post with my findings. Among the early migrants from the Asr and Abora groups to the coast were Saku Olenge, Akotia Owosika, Oshamra, Ayikwei Osiahene, Osu Kwatei (whom I believe established the Kpakpatse We dynasty), Anyama Seni, Amantiele Akele and others. Nii Oka Each Ga town has a number of different cults and many gods, and there are a number of annual town festivals. leader, Queen Sheba whos story is in the Holy Bible. Ga-History and The Ga People of Ghana - Ga History Oral history traces our ancestry from the old - Studocu Talks about Gas in Ghana and their way of living and social practices, it is a great lecture note that allows you to know all about Ghana ga history oral Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Every We has its own set of personal names. A personal account of St George Castle in Elmina is below by the New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/25/travel/the-slave-fortresses-of-ghana.html?pagewanted=all. This first group was made up of the 12 Tribes of Israel and we can find the history/story in the Holy The main reason for this new migration according to Kilson (1974, pp.5-6) was the presence of the Portuguese and three other European powers that had by then established trading posts there, and were extending protection to the coastal towns and villages. Gads fifth son was Eri who later formed a clan known as Erites (Genesis 30:9, Genesis 46:16, Numbers 26:15-19 and Deuteronomy 3:12; Genesis 30:4-83:12.The descendant of Eri, son of Gad are believed to have founded the Nri Kingdom around 900 A.D of the South Eastern and parts of the mid-western Igboland in Nigeria with other tribes of Levi, Zebulon, Ephraim and possibly more. Jacob has two sons with Rachel. They speak a variety of Kwa languages of the Niger-Congo language family. Otus area) and Ngleshi Alata (Jamestown). This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. I shall continue with the History of Kpakaptse We Royal Family of Asere in my next blog. Yet, the Ga symbols are held by some of the community elders. The tribe also believe there are good and bad spirits. 2. The activities require a lot of knowledge and are labour-intensive. 1. Cook Loaf) to Fla i.e. The Ga women also make accessories using beads, gold, and wood and then wear them during these important occasions. This castle was used in Ghana to ship the slaves across the continent. Ga language according to Henderson-Quartey (2001, p.38) conveys oral traditions through which the history of its speakers are revealed, and the means by which the members of the society share their collective experience and knowledge through common bond. Thus, the arrival of the refugee emigrant families changed the landscape when the people of Wo Sagba, Wo Doku, Wo Krowor and Wo Kpele established the coastal towns of Ga Mashie, La Boni, Nungua, Tema and later on Osu and Teshie respectively.
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